SCIENCE & TECH: Kinship and Ritual Sacrifice in Moche Society: Lady of Cao’s Family Revealed

Left; Reconstruction of the Lady of Cao. Right; Huaca Cao Viejo temple at the El Brujo archaeological complex in Peru.

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The intersection of kinship, political authority, and ritual practices of the Moche of Peru have been discovered through reconstructed familial relationships within an elite burial in northern Peru. The discovery, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), focuses on six individuals interred around 500 AD at Huaca Cao Viejo, a pyramid-like temple within the El Brujo archaeological complex in the Chicama Valley.

The burial group includes the Señora de Cao, a famous, high-status woman buried with lavish offerings, and a sacrificed juvenile. Using genetic, isotopic, and archaeological evidence, researchers established that these individuals were members of an extended family spanning at least four generations. The findings also reveal a unique form of ritual sacrifice involving close relatives—a practice previously undocumented in Moche society.



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