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OANβsΒ Brooke Mallory
1:25 PM β Thursday, May 25, 2023
The Supreme Court came to a decision on Thursday, which removes protections from wetlands that are cut off from larger bodies of water, making it more difficult for the federal government to control water pollution.
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The High Courtβs Republican majority has limited the applicability of environmental regulations for the second time in recent years.
The court ruled in favor of an Idaho couple who desired to construct a home close to Priest Lake, in the stateβs panhandle, boosting property rights over concerns regarding clean water. Federal officials had declared a soggy area of the property as a wetland and demanded that they obtain a permit before construction, however, Chantell and Michael Sackett opposed this request.
In a 5-4 decision, the court stated that wetlands can only be subject to the Clean Water Actβs regulations if they have a βcontinuous surface connectionβ to larger regulated bodies of water. Such a connection did not exist on the Sackettsβ property.
The court dismissed Anthony Kennedyβs 17-year-old ruling, which had allowed regulation of wetlands with a βsignificant nexusβ to larger waterways. Kennedyβs ruling had served as the benchmark for determining whether wetlands were covered by the historic environmental law of 1972. The standard was criticized by opponents for being both ambiguous and impracticable.
Environmentalists predicted that by limiting the lawβs application, more than half of the nationβs wetlands would lose their protections.
Manish Bapna, the CEO of the Natural Resources Defense Council, responded to the judgment by urging Congress to alter the Clean Water Act in order to reinstate wetlands protections and for the states to strengthen their own legislation.
βThe Supreme Court ripped the heart out of the law we depend on to protect American waters and wetlands. The majority chose to protect polluters at the expense of healthy wetlands and waterways. This decision will cause incalculable harm. Communities across the country will pay the price,β Bapna said in a statement.
All nine judges concurred in the decision on Thursday that the wetlands on the Sackettsβ property are not protected by the legislation.
Only five justices, however, came to an agreement in the opinion that established a new standard for determining whether wetlands are subject to the Clean Water Act. In the final significant wetlands case before the Supreme Court in 2006, Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Clarence Thomas, and Alito would have embraced the more stringent criteria. Justices Amy Coney Barrett and Neil Gorsuch joined them on Thursday.
The three Democrat justices on the court and the Republican justice Brett Kavanaugh claimed that their colleagues had changed the law.
The courtβs βnew and overly narrow test may suddenly push wetlands that have been long regulated and accepted to be regulable outside the agenciesβ regulatory authority,β according to Kavanaugh.
He named two initiatives that would be affected by the decision, including efforts to protect Chesapeake Bay and to manage flooding on the Mississippi River.
The majorityβs rewrite of the law, according to Justice Elena Kagan, was βan effort to cabin the anti-pollution actions Congress thought appropriate.β
Kagan had referred to the ruling from the previous year that restricted the Clean Air Actβs ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.
She noted that the court had appointed βitself as the national decision-maker on environmental policy.β Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown Jackson, two of Kaganβs Democrat colleagues, contributed to her article.
Two years after purchasing a 0.63-acre plot of land close to Priest Lake for $23,000, the Idaho-based Sacketts duo began construction on a three-bedroom house. In order to prepare for the construction, they had filled a portion of the property, which was described in an appellate judgement as a βsoggy residential lot,β with rocks and soil. However, when EPA representatives arrived, the couple immediately stopped the work.
The Idaho pair also won an earlier stage of their Supreme Court legal battle.
The EPAβs judgment that a portion of the property constituted wetland, 300 feet from the lake and 30 feet from an unidentified river that drains into the lake, was upheld by the federal appeals court in San Francisco in 2021.
Similarly, years before, the Sackettsβ own consultant had reportedly informed them that their property had wetlands.
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